In a train, the coupling after the locomotive is under the highest pressure, because it carries the force from the locomotive for the whole train. To the end of the train, the pressure in the couplings decreases. To reduce the maximal pressure in the couplings, one locomotive (or some if several locomotives are in service) can run at the end of the train.
October 25, 2009
October 14, 2009
Gleiskreuzung, einfache Kreuzungsweiche und doppelte Kreuzungsweiche
Gleiskreuzung, einfache Kreuzungsweiche und doppelte Kreuzungsweiche sind wie Weichen Schienen-Bauteile, die Gleise miteinander verbunden, so dass normalerweise Zugdurchgang ermöglicht wird. Eine Kreuzung, eine einfache Kreuzungsweiche oder eine doppelte Kreuzungsweiche verbindet dabei 2 Gleise (bzw. Gleisabschnitte) auf einer Seite, nennen wir Gleis A und B, mit 2 Gleisen auf der anderen Seite, nenne wir Gleis C und D. Bei einer Kreuzung sind nur Durchgänge zwischen A und D sowie B und C möglich, deren Fahrwege sich kreuzen (daher der Name). Es gibt einfache Kreuzungen und Kreuzungen mit beweglichen Herzstücken oder mit Zungen, so dass die Fahrwege gewählt eingestellt werden können (im Gegensatz dazu ist der Zustand der einfachen Kreuzung bei den beiden Durchgängen gleich, sie ist nicht beweglich). Bei einer einfachen Kreuzungsweiche (EKW) sind nicht nur sich kreuzende Durchgänge möglich, sondern auch eine Abbiegung, entweder zwischen A und C oder zwischen B und D. Bei einer doppelten Kreuzungsweiche (DKW) sind die beiden Abbiegungen möglich, so dass insgesamt Durchgänge zwischen A und C, A und D, B und C, B und D möglich sind. Es gibt EKW und DKW mit Innenzungen, d.h. die Weichenzungen liegen innerhalb des Kreuzungsrhombusses, und diejenigen mit Aussenzungen, d.h. die Weichenzungen liegen ausserhalb des Kreuzungsrhombusses.
Funktionsgemäss kann auch eine einfache Kreuzung mit einer oder zwei Verbindungsgleiskurven wie eine EKW oder DKW agieren (bei einer einfachen Kreuzung mit 2 Gleisverbindungsgleiskurven sind sogar 2 gleichzeitige Fahrwege möglich). Und eine DKW ist auch äquivalent zu zwei zu einander spitzgewandten einfachen Weichen (eine verbindet A und B mit dem Mittelgleisstück und die andere verbindet C und D mit diesem). Im Unterschied dazu brauchen EKW und DKW weniger Platz, so dass der Weichenbereich vor einem Bahnhof nicht allzu lang oder breit wird. Und anders als zwei zu einander spitzgewandten Weichen ist bei der DKW nicht nur der Fahrweg in der Hauptrichtung gerade, sondern auch der Querungsfahrweg (bei zwei Weichen hat der Querungsfahrweg zwei entgegengesetzte Krümmungen).
September 27, 2009
Event of the day
- The railway station of Olten is still being reconstructed. It seems the station has been in reconstruction for ages.
September 26, 2009
The wagons of the SBB
There are 3 types of passenger wagons of the main train lines of the SBB, not including wagons of complete trains (for example wagons of the ICN train, of the doubledecker IC2000 etc.):
- Unit wagons IV which are painted white-black with red doors.
- Unit wagons IV which are painted white-green. Some wagons with windows which can be opened.
- EC wagons (wagons for EuroCity trains) which are painted dark gray-light gray with red doors and signet SBB CFF FFS.
- EC CIS wagons (wagons for EuroCity Cisalpino trains) which are painted gray-blue and signet CISALPINO.
- Unit wagons II which are painted dark green.
- Unit wagons II which are painted black-light green-blue with yellow doors.
The unit wagons IV are mainly used in IR trains and on some IC trains. The EC wagons are used in EC trains. Since there are only some EC trains, the other EC wagons including the EC CIS wagons are used in IR trains. The unit wagons II are old wagons which are used in some IR trains. In some IR trains you can see wagons of all types above which is not very good-looking, even ugly. It would be much nicer if the trains contain wagons of the same appearance.
September 19, 2009
Affair of the day
- In a transport network, nodes are the narrow places (bottle-necks, German: Engpass) which reduces the capacity of the network. To increase the capacity of the network, it is therefore important to enlarge the nodes.
September 18, 2009
Affairs of the day
- Swiss people like digging the streets. Yes, you can see everywhere they are repairing the streets. Do Swiss have problems with their street network? One certain thing is that it is no more comfortable to go.
- Train delays. What is more important for trains, being on-time or keeping the successive order? One often seen situation: 4 trains run shortly after each other, the 1st one has 4 minutes delay, if keeping the successive order of the trains, all trains will have delays. Besides it is also extremely difficult to be on-time exactly in minutes. A train which is scheduled to leave a station at 14:23 for example may not leave the station before this time, otherwise the passengers can not catch the train, but also should not leave much later than this, otherwise it will have delay and make delays to the other trains. Maybe it is better to schedule two time points: closing time and leaving time. A train should be closed at 14:23:00 for example, passengers arriving later than this can not catch the train, and it should leave half a minute later for example.
- It is bad to arrive at the same time as the appointment.
August 28, 2009
Train arrival and departure in Zurich and Bern
As common in the other railway networks, trains run periodically. For a simple change between trains, trains are scheduled in a concept borrowed from the music, the concept of metre (German: Takt). The main stations of Zurich and Bern are typical muster of this concept. There are two climaxes a hour, one at full hour, the other at half hour. Main line trains arrive at the stations short before and leave them short after so that the passenger can change between the trains. Since there are many trains arriving and leaving in these climaxes, they go after each other in short time distance (some minutes).
In Zurich:
- Full hour arrivals
- From West
- xx:51 IR from Basel through Brugg AG, stops at Zurich Altstetten and Zurich Oerlikon without Zurich main station and goes to Zurich Airport (arrival time in Zurich Oerlikon)
- xx:52 IR from Basel through Lenzburg
- xx:54 IR from Bern through Brugg AG
- xx:56 ICN from Biel
- xx:58 IC from Bern
- xx:00 IC from Basel
- xx:02 IR from Bern through Burgdorf (the late-comer)
- From North and East
- xx:48 IR from Schaffhausen
- xx:51 IC from Romanshorn
- xx:53 ICN from St. Gallen
- xx:59 IR from Zurich Airport
- From South
- xx:47 IR from Chur
- xx:51 IC/IR from Bellinzona
- xx:56 IR from Lucerne
- From West
- Full hour departures
- To West
- xx:58 IR to Bern through Burgdorf
- xx:00 IC to Bern
- xx:02 IC to Basel
- xx:04 ICN to Biel
- xx:06 IR to Bern through Brugg AG
- xx:08 IR to Basel through Lenzburg
- xx:09 IR to Basel through Brugg AG from Zurich Airport, stops at Zurich Oerlikon, Zurich Altstetten without Zurich main station (departure time at Zurich Oerlikon).
- To North and East
- xx:01 IR to Zurich Airport
- xx:07 IC to Romanshorn
- xx:09 ICN to St. Gallen
- xx:12 IR to Schaffhausen
- To South
- xx:04 IR to Lucerne
- xx:09 IC/IR to Bellinzona
- xx:12 IR to Chur
- To West
- Half hour arrivals
- From West
- xx:22 RE from Aarau through Lenzburg
- xx:24 IR from Basel through Brugg AG
- xx:26 IC from Basel
- xx:28 IC from Bern
- xx:30 IR from Biel
- From North and East
- xx:21 IR from Constance
- xx:23 IC from St. Gallen
- From South
- xx:23 IC from Chur
- xx:25 IR from Lucerne
- From West
- Half hour departures
- To West
- xx:30 IR to Biel
- xx:32 IC to Bern
- xx:34 IC to Basel
- xx:36 IR to Basel through Brugg AG
- xx:38 RE to Aarau through Lenzburg
- To North and East
- xx:37 IR to Constance
- xx:39 IC to St. Gallen
- To South
- xx:35 IR to Lucerne
- xx:37 IC to Chur
- To West
In Bern:
- Full hour arrivals
- From North and East
- xx:48 IR from Biel
- xx:53 IR from Olten through Burgdorf
- xx:56 IC from Basel
- xx:57 IC from Zurich
- xx:00 IR from Lucerne
- From South
- xx:52 IC from Interlaken
- xx:54 IC from Brig
- From West
- xx:56 IR from Geneva through Lausanne and Fribourg
- From North and East
- Full hour departures
- To North and East
- xx:00 IR to Lucerne
- xx:02 IC to Zurich
- xx:04 IC to Basel
- xx:07 IR to Olten through Burgdorf
- xx:12 IR to Biel
- To South
- xx:04 IC to Interlaken
- xx:07 IC to Brig
- To West
- xx:04 IR to Geneva through Fribourg and Lausanne
- To North and East
- Half hour arrivals
- From North and East
- xx:18 IR from Biel
- xx:21 IR from Zurich through Burgdorf
- xx:25 IR from Zurich through Brugg AG
- xx:27 IC from Basel
- xx:29 IC from Zurich
- From South
- xx:23 IC from Interlaken or Brig
- xx:26 RE from Lucerne through Langnau
- From West
- xx:26 IC from Geneva through Lausanne and Fribourg
- From North and East
- Half hour departures
- To North and East
- xx:32 IC to Zurich
- xx:34 IC to Basel
- xx:36 IR to Zurich through Brugg AG
- xx:38 IR to Zurich through Burgdorf
- xx:42 IR to Biel
- To South
- xx:35 IC to Interlaken or Brig
- xx:37 RE to Lucerne through Langnau
- To West
- xx:34 IC to Geneva through Fribourg and Lausanne
- To North and East
Some comments:
- In Zurich at full hours IC from and to Bern go before IC from and to Basel.
- In Zurich at full hours and half hours trains from and to Romanshorn/Constance go before trains from and to St. Gallen.
- In Bern at full hours IC from and to Interlaken go before IC from Brig.
- In Bern at half hours IC from and to Interlaken/Brig go before RE from and to Lucerne.
- Otherwise the order of the arrivals and the order of the departures are symmetric to each other (last in first out).
- When at a particular hour the orders have some exchanges from these, some trains must have had delay.
Train stations in Zurich, Basel and Bern
In Zurich:
- Stations of main train lines and suburban trains:
- Zurich main station (Zürich HB) which is composed of 4 parts: the station in the main hall for the main train lines (tracks 3-18), the underground station by the Museums Street (tracks 21-24), the station by the Sihl Post Office (tracks 51-54) and the underground SZU station (tracks 1-2) for suburban trains.
- Zurich Oerlikon: the second most important station in Zurich.
- Zurich Altstetten: the third most important station in Zurich.
- Zurich Enge: there are few trains of main lines stop here everyday. A small station.
- Stations of SBB suburban trains:
- Zurich Hard Bridge (Zürich Hardbrücke)
- Zurich Wipkingen: also a small station.
- Zurich Seebach
- Zurich Affoltern: a small station.
- Zurich Wiedikon
- Zurich Wollishofen
- Zurich Stadelhofen
- Zurich Tiefenbrunnen
- Stettbach: on the borderline between Zurich and the neighbour area Stettbach. A small underground station.
- Stations of the SZU suburban trains (a local railway):
- Zurich Selnau: underground station.
- Zurich Giesshubel (Zürich Giesshübel): the biggest station of the SZU, with only one 1 track at platform.
- Zurich Binz: small station on the other side of station Zurich Giesshubel.
- Zurich Saalsporthalle: small station.
- Zurich Brunau: small station.
- Zurich Manegg: a station with only 1 track at platform.
- Zurich Leimbach: small station.
- Zurich Friesenberg: small station.
- Zurich Schweighof: small station.
- Zurich Triemli: small station.
- Uitikon-Waldegg: on the borderline between Zurich and the neighbour area Waldegg. A small station.
- Stations of the Forchbahn (S18) on the street together with the trams:
- Zurich Kreuzplatz (Cross Square)
- Zurich Hegibachplatz (Hegibach Square)
- Zurich Balgrist
- Zurich Rehalp
In Basel:
- Stations of main train lines and suburban trains:
- Basel SBB (Swiss station): main station for the trains in Switzerland.
- Basel Badischer Bahnhof (German station): main station for the trains from/to Germany.
- Basel SNCF (French station): station for the trains from/to France by the side of the SBB station.
- Stations of the suburban trains:
- Basel St. Johann: formerly a freight station.
- Basel Dreispitz: a small station.
- Basel St. Jakob: the station at the stadion St. Jakob of Basel.
In Bern:
- Station of main train lines and suburban trains:
- Bern main station which is composed of 2 parts: the SBB station for normal-gauged trains and the underground RBS station for narrow-gauged trains.
- Stations of suburban trains:
- Bern Wankdorf which has 2 parts.
- Bern Ausserholligen which is in fact 2 stations on the side of each other: one station of the SBB and another of the BLS.
- Bern Bumpliz South (Bümpliz Süd)
- Bern Weissenbuhl (Weissenbühl)
- Bern Stockacker (Bern Stöckacker)
- Bern Bumpliz North (Bümpliz Nord)
- Bern Brunnen (Brünnen): a small station.
- Bern Felsenau: a small underground station of the RBS (narrow-gauged trains).
- Bern Tiefenau: a small station of the RBS (narrow-gauged trains).
August 26, 2009
Abandoned railway lines in Switzerland
Abandoned railway lines in Switzerland with tracks still left:
- Lines where no trains run more, which are cut out of the railway network:
- Laupen – Gümmenen near Bern
- Büren an der Aare – Solothurn
- (Boncourt) – Delle (France) – Belfort (France) on the other side of the Jura
- St-Gingolph – Evian les Bains (France) on the other side of Lake Geneva
- Lines where no passenger trains run more, but still in function (cut out of the passenger train network):
- Laufenburg – Koblenz along the Rhine
- Sihlbrugg – Sihlwald near Zurich
- Wettingen – Mellingen near Baden
- Affoltern-Weier - Huttwil near Burgdorf
- Museum lines:
- Hinwil – Bauma in Zuricher Oberland (DVZO)
- Realp – Furka – Gletsch – Oberwald (Furka-Dampfstrecke)
- [some others]
Comment: why did they not demount the tracks when they stopped using these railway lines?
Charakterisierung der Gleisen in einem Bahnhof
- Hauptgleise: Gleise, wo Einfahrten und Ausfahrten von Zügen signalmässig ermöglicht sind.
- Perrongleise: Gleise am Perron, wo Reisezüge halten müssen, wenn sie an diesem Bahnhof halten.
- Durchfahrgleise: Andere Gleise, wodurch Züge den Bahnhof durchfahren können. Typisch ist ein Durchfahrgleis zwischen Perrongleisen.
- Haltegleise für Güterzüge: Gleise in einer Gruppe neben den Perrongleisen, wo Güterzüge halten können. An Perrongleise und Haltegleise für Güterzüge können Züge jedoch auch durchfahren, wenn sie nicht an diesem Bahnhof halten.
- Nebengleise: Gleise, wo Einfahrten und Ausfahrten von Zügen signalmässig nicht ermöglicht sind oder nur Ausfahrten von Zügen signalmässig ermöglicht sind.
- Abstellgleise: Gleise für das Abstellen von Wagen und Loks sowie Zugkompositionen.
- Rangiergleise: Gleise für das Rangieren von Güterwagen.
- Ladegleise: Gleise für das Laden und das Entladen der Güter auf/vom Güterwagen.
- Andere Arten von Gleisen.
Die Anzahl der Hauptgleise stellt eine wichtige Charakterisierung eines Bahnhofs dar.
- 1 bis 2 Hauptgleise: Kleinste Bahnhöfe (“Mini-Bahnhöfe”).
- 3 bis 4 Hauptgleise: Kleine Bahnhöfe (“Elementare Bahnhöfe” oder Einheits-Bahnhöfe).
- 5 bis 7 Hauptgleise: Mittlere Bahnhöfe.
- 8 bis 10 Hauptgleise: Mittelgrosse Bahnhöfe.
- 11 bis 15 Hauptgleise: Grosse Bahnhöfe.
- Mehr als 15 Hauptgleise: Riesige Bahnhöfe, die die wichtigsten in einem Bahnnetz sind.
Für Personenbahnhöfe ist die Anzahl Perrongleise auch eine charakterisierende Grösse.


